Name: In Vivo Star Anti-Human CD16 (FcγRIII) Antibody
Brand: InnoCyto
SKU: 516601
Price: 160 USD
Availability: InStock

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In Vivo Star Anti-Human CD16 (FcγRIII) Antibody

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Cat #	Size	Price
516601	1 mg	$160
516602	5 mg	$400
516603	25 mg	$1100

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Product Details

Clone	3G8
Application	Direct ELISA, functional assay, Flow Cytometry
Host Species	CHO cells
Reactivity	Human
Format	Liquid
Target Name	CD16, FcγRIII
Product Description	In vivo Grade Recombinant Anti-human CD16 Monoclonal Antibody
Isotype	Mouse IgG1 Kappa
Antibody Type	Recombinant
Regulatory Status	RUO
Purity	>95% by reducing SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	< 1 EU per 1 mg of the protein by the LAL method.
Storage Conditions	4ºC
Grade	In vivo
Recommended Usage	This product is suitable in in vitro functional assays or in vivo on human cells used in animal models. Optimal amounts need to be determined empirically for each experiment.
RRID	AB_3739442
Research Areas	NK cells, Monocytes, Macrophages, Neutrophils, ADCC, Cancer Marker, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation
See All Formats	Clone 3G8

Background Information

CD16, also known as Fc gamma receptor III (FcγRIII), is a low-affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and plays a pivotal role in antibody-mediated immune responses. It is expressed primarily on natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, with expression patterns and function varying by cell type. In humans, CD16 exists in two closely related forms encoded by distinct genes: CD16a (FcγRIIIA) and CD16b (FcγRIIIB).

Structurally, CD16 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein composed of two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains responsible for IgG binding. CD16a is a transmembrane receptor expressed on NK cells and some myeloid cells, where it associates with signaling adaptor proteins containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), such as FcεRIγ and CD3ζ. In contrast, CD16b is attached to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and is expressed almost exclusively on neutrophils, lacking direct intracellular signaling capacity.

Functionally, CD16 mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis. Upon binding to IgG-opsonized target cells, CD16a on NK cells triggers activation signals that lead to the release of cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes, resulting in target cell death. On myeloid cells, CD16 engagement promotes phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and cytokine release, contributing to pathogen clearance and inflammation. CD16 preferentially binds IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, which are commonly elicited during effective immune responses.

CD16 plays important roles in both protective immunity and disease. Genetic polymorphisms in FCGR3A influence IgG binding affinity and have been associated with susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer outcomes. Excessive or dysregulated CD16 activation contributes to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, where immune complexes drive tissue damage. In cancer, CD16 expression and function on NK cells are critical determinants of immune surveillance and therapeutic efficacy.

In therapeutics, CD16 is central to the mechanism of action of many antibody-based drugs. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies used in oncology, such as those targeting tumor antigens, rely on CD16-mediated ADCC for clinical activity. Engineering antibodies with enhanced Fc affinity for CD16 or developing CD16-engaging bispecific antibodies are active areas of drug development. Additionally, adoptive NK cell therapies often aim to optimize CD16 expression and signaling, highlighting CD16 as a key bridge between antibody recognition and cellular immune effector function.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are In Vivo Star Biofunctional Antibodies?

In Vivo Star antibodies are premium-grade monoclonal antibodies purified and formulated specifically for use in animal studies. Each lot is manufactured under stringent quality controls to ensure the low endotoxin levels, high purity, and functional activity required for reliable in vivo results.

How are these antibodies different from standard research antibodies (e.g., for Western blot or flow cytometry)?

Standard research antibodies are optimized for in vitro detection assays and may contain preservatives, carrier proteins (like BSA), or higher endotoxin levels unsuitable for injection. In Vivo Star antibodies are formulated in injectable-grade, azide-free, low-endotoxin buffers and validated for functional bioactivity in living systems rather than just antigen binding.

What endotoxin and purity specifications do these antibodies meet?

All In Vivo Star antibodies are tested and certified to meet low-endotoxin thresholds (typically <1 EU/mg, lot-dependent) using the LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) assay, and are purified to ≥95% purity by SEC-HPLC or SDS-PAGE. Exact specifications are provided on the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for each lot.

Are these antibodies azide-free and carrier-free?

All In Vivo Star antibodies are formulated without sodium azide and without carrier proteins such as BSA or gelatin, since both can interfere with animal physiology or immune readouts during in vivo studies.

Do you provide isotype controls?

Matched isotype control antibodies (same host species, isotype, and formulation) are available upon request for most clones to support proper experimental controls.

How should In Vivo Star antibodies be stored and handled?

Store at 4°C for short-term use and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can reduce bioactivity; aliquoting is recommended for long-term storage per the product-specific storage instructions on the Certificate of Analysis. Always confirm storage conditions and expiration on the CoA that accompanies each lot, as these can vary slightly by antibody.

Have a product or application question? Consult our FAQs or contact us.

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